We should begin by knowing what we refer to by a "normal bar". This typically means in construction terms Mild Steel (MS) bars or plain bars. They are the old fashioned, conventional steel bars in concrete. They are crafted in steel and are fairly pliable and supple. They are weaker than modern bars and are also likely to deform when less weight or pressure is exerted. They tend to be plain, smooth and this is also a limitation because their surface is smooth so that their grip on the concrete is not always the strongest.
WHAT IS A TMT BAR??
TMT stands for Thermo-Mechanically Treated. This name describes the special process used to make them. TMT bars are the modern, advanced version of steel bars designed to be much stronger and safer. The key to a TMT bar is its unique manufacturing process, which gives it two distinct parts:
A Soft Inner Core: The inside of the bar remains soft and ductile (like a mild steel bar). This allows it to be bent on-site and, most importantly, to bend without suddenly snapping during an earthquake or other extreme events.
A Hard Outer Surface: The external surface of the bar is made very hard and tough, by a process of heat treatment and rapid cooling (quenching). This tough outer coating makes the bar highly strong.
THE KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TMT BAR VS. NORMAL BAR
Manufacturing Process: Normal bars are produced by a simple process of hot-rolling, whereas TMT bars are subjected to a special process of Thermo-Mechanical Treatment, i. e., quick cooling in water.
Internal Structure: A normal bar is made to have uniform structure in its entirety, whereas a TMT bar has a distinct structure that has a very hard outer surface with the internal core being very soft and ductile.
Strength: TMT bars contain a considerably greater yield strength and are capable of carrying heavier loads without permanently assuming a bent shape as compared to normal bars.
Flexibility: The soft core of a TMT bar makes it more ductile, meaning it can bend significantly without snapping, unlike normal bars, which are more likely to break.
Earthquake Resistance: This ductility makes TMT bars highly resistant to earthquakes because they allow a structure to sway and absorb shock, while normal bars are more brittle and riskier.
Bonding with Concrete: The surface of the TMT bars is ribbed, which forms a strong and mechanical attachment to concrete and the smooth surface of normal bars forms a weaker one.
Corrosion Resistance: The thermo-mechanical process generally results in TMT that is more resistant to rust and corrosion, therefore useful in wet or coastal locations.
Cost: The regular mild steel bars may be cheaper at first, but TMT bars provide the value in the long-term as they have stronger, safer, and more enduring properties.
Application: Normal bars are rarely used for critical structural work today, while TMT bars are the modern standard for constructing columns, beams, and slabs in buildings and bridges.
Safety: This is because of the better strength and flexibility of TMT bars which makes buildings far much safer, particularly when they are in severe conditions.
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